2022 Youth Conference - post conference 4 month challenge! gcse history 16 mark answer - The Student Room August 3rd - 4th: Spanish ships were outgunned and forced to move to Calais in France. Both could be serious threats to Elizabeths England. This was signed by the English nobility and gentry and required the signatories to execute anyone who attempted to overthrow the Queen. Many reasons led to discontent between Spain and England. English ships departed from Plymouth to meet the Armada. You may use the following in your answer: Mary, Queen of Scots and foreign threat (12 marks) . The Duke of Medina Sidonia sailed up the Channel and anchored at Calais while waiting for reinforcements from the Duke of Parmas troops. No Payment details required and completelyRisk Free. 806 8067 22 Registered Office: Imperial House, 2nd Floor, 40-42 Queens Road, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 3XB, Taking a break or withdrawing from your course. Ridolfis plan was to make Mary queen by first assassinating Elizabeth and then marrying Mary to the Duke of Norfolk. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! The rest of the Spanish fleet was forced to sail away from the French coast and into the North Sea with the English fleet on their trail. 14-16 / Italian bankers from Genoa had lent Philip II money to fund his campaign in the Netherlands (which was trying to put down the Dutch Revolt). (1583) was a threat to Queen Elizabeth. The failure of the colonisation was due to: the resistance of the Native Americans; conflict amongst the English settlers (who collectively had the wrong mix of skills to make the settlement a real success); the loss of supplies via the damage incurred on The Tiger and the fact that the voyage set off too late for crops to be planted (causing dependence on the rightfully suspicious Native Americans). This attack proved to be a major setback for Spanish preparation for the Armada. Copyright The Student Room 2023 all rights reserved. The Spanish had planned to come alongside their opponents and attempt to board their ships to try to overcome the enemy through hand-to-hand fighting. DOCX www.oasisacademywintringham.org Throughout her reign, Elizabeth was engaged in expensive financial issues, especially foreign policy. Describe two features of Mary Queen of Scots' threat to Elizabeth I. Elizabeth I faced more difficulties as a monarch than any other Tudor. - Leith blockade. Instead, both men preferred to negotiate a settlement. By instinct, Elizabeth was a In 1569, one of the wealthiest landowners in England, the Duke of Norfolk concocted a plan to marry Mary, Queen of Scots and have her recognised as Elizabeths heir. Can I give a retake in the feb/march if I had given my exams in the may/June series. The threat of France to Elizabeth's rule Elizabeth had two main problems concerning France: She inherited a bad relationship with France from her predecessor Queen Mary I. France were. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. Born the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn on 7 September 1533, Elizabeth's right to rule as queen of England never went unchallenged. Also, the activities of English pirates', who looted Spanish ships, caused problems between Spain and England. threats did Elizabeth face in 1558? Suitable for the Edexcel GCSE History (9-1) course. Born 7th September 1533 , Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. VAT reg no 816865400. Increased Catholic Threat to Elizabeth I (GCSE Example Answer By spring 1588, the Spanish Armada was complete and King Phillip was ready to launch his, The Armada was a huge fleet consisting of, The Spanish also had thousands of more soldiers stationed in the Netherlands under the command of the. The English were worried about the threat of invasion and they attacked the Spanish ships as they sailed along the Channel, but the Armada was so strong that most of the ships reached Calais safely. With the seemingly imminent war between Spain only a matter of time, Elizabeth was determined to rid England of the enemy within. English direct involvement in the Netherlands, 1585-88. Mary was spared. Not many Englishmen were granted licenses and therefore Elizabeth would encourage privateers, men who sailed their own ships, to trade illegally with the Spanish colonies. Drake knew he wasnt able to attack this port with any realistic hope of success. These problems all led to supply issues for the Spanish Armada and had a major impact on the morale of the Spanish troops. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Thereafter, up to 11,000 English Catholics were either arrested or placed under surveillance. to answer the Section Focus Question: - Financial issues may have led to her loosing powerful allies as she could not give important people grant patronages. In 1485 - 1603 To What Extent Was The Government Of England - Phdessay Her arrival and ultimate house arrest were the result of her having to flee Scotland. [The conclusion establishes relative importance and explains why one factor was more important than another.]. Save. To her credit, when Elizabeth died in 1603, the nation was only in debt to the tune of 350,000 - 123,000 more than in 1558, but spread over the duration of her reign, this represented just under 3,000 a year. Pope Pius V excommunicates Elizabeth from the Catholic Church. This led to a rampage of Spanish soldiers and the sacking of Antwerp. Explain why Elizabeth faced many problems upon ascending to the throne in 1558 . In 1568, a final blow came when some Spanish ships were blown off course into English waters, and the English seized them. Dedicated to. LS23 6AD The accession of Elizabeth Tudor to the throne of England in November 1558 meant that Mary was, by virtue of her Tudor blood, next in line to the English throne. Company Reg no: 04489574. Elizabeth I Skilful In Her Response To Threats History Essay Mary was forced to flee following her unsuccessful attempt to win back her Scottish throne. Philip IIs decision to reorganise the Dutch government and church angered both the Dutch Catholics and the Protestants. PDF Elizabethan England 155888. (Paper 2) Model - The Oakwood Academy Indeed, the Ridolfi Plot of 1571 was even led by one of the Popes spies, Roberto Ridolfi. On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. With no clear military successes for Dudley, he resigned his post in 1587 and returned to England. Official Oxford 2023 Postgraduate Applicants Thread. The relationship with Spain and King Phillip II was at a low point in 1587 as the two countries were at war over the Netherlands. Am I doing my History A-Level coursework correctly? William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, Burghley also spelled Burleigh, also called (1551-71) Sir William Cecil, (born Sept. 13, 1520, Bourne, Lincolnshire, Eng.died Aug. 5, 1598, London), principal adviser to England's Queen Elizabeth I through most of her reign. PDF Mark Scheme (Stage 8 Sign Off) November 2020 Mary was married to Philip II of Spain. Another reason Dudley failed was a number of his officers were divided over questions of strategy. The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). The Netherlands had been part of the Spanish empire since the 1550s. Elizabeth had given financial help to the rebels, however, remained reluctant to provoke King Phillip by getting directly involved. Reigned: queen of England and Ireland for 44 years, from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. In 1570, Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth, encouraging Catholics everywhere to rise up and depose the heretic queen. To study the ways in which Henry consolidated his rule. To counter homelessness and the begging/criminal activity that sometimes accompanied this, a law was passed that stated that, if found, vagrants were: 1) to be whipped and have a hole drilled through each ear 2) if found a second time would be imprisoned 3) would be killed if found a third time. Elizabeth and the Netherlands Issue - 1576-1584 (GCSE Example - Tutor2u Led by two powerful Catholic landowners, Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland, this rebellions principal aims included the restoration of Catholicism to England, as well as the installation of Mary as Queen of England. This risked provoking King Phillip further and to avoid this, Elizabeth forced Dudley to resign his position immediately. The fact that the Pope never approved Henry VIIIs divorce from Catherine of Aragon in 1533 (and England had to break from Rome in order to achieve this) combined with the fact that Catherine was still alive when Elizabeth was born. In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. The treaty essentially allowed Elizabeth to focus on developing events in the Netherlands and not worry about protecting her northern border. The most formidable female leaders in history - Stars Insider - Overall, I think the threat of invasion was one of Elizabeth's problems when she became queen as both Spain and France were powerful countries who had reasons to invade England and this was increased as Spain and France could unite against Protestant England. English canons could also be reloaded more quickly than the Spanish ones allowing them to inflict greater damage. Anthony Babington, an English Catholic, wrote to Mary about the plot. The English also had better tactics that were more effective. [A clear summary of the arguments, once more making the link between Mary, the Pope and Catholic interference.]. . The invasion would include the murder of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. How serious a threat was Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth's rule? Coronation: 15 January 1559, Westminster Abbey. Elizabeth was eager to nullify the threat of the Auld Alliance (Scotland and France), which had been further reinforced by the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and French King Francis II. Roberto di Ridolfi was an Italian banker who played a small role in the Revolt of the Northern Earls. After inheriting the throne from her sister Mary I, Elizabeth was 300,000 in debt. The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis of April 1559 between Spain and France was meant to be the start of lasting peace between the two. Anne Boleyn (L), Henry VIII (C) and Elizabeth I (R) Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Elizabeth I (r.1558-1603) | The Royal Family Many people refused to recognize Elizabeth as a legitimate heir because her mother was Anne Boleyn, who was Henry VIIIs second wife. Level 4 is about analysis supported by a detailed line of reasoning, so embracing counter-arguments like this are encouraged (so long as they can be explained).]. Pope refused to accept the divorce and marriage and as a result Catholics in England in 1558 did not accept Elizabeth as a legitimate monarch. The Northern Earls were unhappy and rebelled for several reasons: The Revolt of the Northern Earls was arguably the most serious rebellion during Elizabeths reign and presented a threat for a number of reasons: During the 1570s and 1580s, there were several plots by Catholics to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. When Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, she inherited a difficult financial situation and a debt of 227,000. Norfolk was killed in 1572. She was the last monarch of the Tudor period. The Spanish invasion didnt go according to plan when the Spanish Armada was launched in 1588. Become a Member | More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. Catholic priests are first smuggled into England. - Invasion was a major threat because of the power of the countries France and Spain. The features and significance of the Ridolfi, Throckmorton and Babington plots. They Schools can qualify for all our resources for free. Her early life was full of uncertainties, and her chances of succeeding to the throne seemed very slight once her half-brother Edward was born in 1537. Why Queen Elizabeth I signed a death warrant to execute the - HISTORY "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. If this union between Scotland and France became something, Spain could help England by attacking France from below. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. One factor Elizabeth had to face, which was seen as a huge disadvantage, was her gender. This was one of the more serious courtships of Elizabeth's reign. Here then, military alliances, English weaknesses, questions of legitimacy and the influence of religion all meant Elizabeth was very vulnerable upon her accession. how significant was the catholic threat to elizabeth 1, posed by her She pledged to finance an army of 7,400 English troops and placed Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in charge of them. One was debt. -Elizabeth forced to impose strict penalties against Catholics (penal laws) which enforced religious settlement and protected England against Catholic influence. The Catholic threat - Elizabethan Religious Settlement - AQA - BBC Bitesize In 1581, Protestant rebels in the Netherlands declared independence from Spain and established a Dutch republic. - send 2000 to rebels. The Ridolfi Plot of 1571 and later the Throckmorton and Babington Plots, of 1583 and 1586 respectively, all involved the aim of placing Mary on the throne. She was reluctant to execute Mary as she was Queen of Scotland and she believed in Divine Right that rulers were sent by God to govern their country. England had lost the last of her territories in France during the reign of Mary, when Calais was lost. Elizabeth I | Biography, Facts, Mother, & Death | Britannica "The Scarlet Ibis" would be a different story if it were told from Doodle's point of view. You may use the following in your answer: France and Elizabeth's legitimacy (16 marks) 'Religion was the main cause of the . As such, the Catholic community cited both religious and legal reasons why Elizabeth had no right to be Queen, which made her accession extremely problematic. Queen Elizabeth and King Phillip II were still reluctant to openly declare war with one another however, in 1585, this changed due to dispute over the Netherlands. There were French troops in Scotland, and this posed a problem for Elizabeth and the security of England because England was still technically at war with France. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. In 1568 Elizabeth also controversially stole gold from Spanish ships (which was loaned from Genoese banks to fund the Spanish army, against the Dutch rebels) that were staying at English ports. To know the dates for your GCSE exams for 2020, you firstly need to identify which exam board you are studying for your subject. Those who refused this were sent to prison. Northern Rebellion led by Earl of Westmorland. However, there were other challenges facing Elizabeth. The Protestant Elizabeth certainly faced difficulties upon becoming Queen with regard to legitimacy, especially from English Catholics and the wider Catholic world. and reversing the religious settlement. King Phillip had been preparing for an attack on England since 1585 and Marys execution made the situation worse with him even more determined to invade England. LS23 6AD She changed the church back to Anglican and it has been the official . One fact that should not be ignored from 1566 was the increasing role of the Pope and his determination to undermine Elizabeth. Elizabeth I and Spain - History Learning Site Parents: Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Elizabeth had also reduced the power of the northern nobles and increased her own control over the north through the Council of the North, which helped govern the area. Therefore, France controlled the whole of the northern coastline and posed a major threat to England. Learning of the Spanish plans to build an Armada and invade England, Drakes mission was to try and stop this. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Another being the English sympathy to the protestant rebels on the Netherlands. While a baby is born at various points throughout the show, Francis is not its father. The imprisonment owed to her likely involvement in the murder of her second husband, Lord Darnley. By 1568 most people had accepted. Who we are Changelog Terms of Service Privacy Policy FAQ Sitemap, Psychology History Sociology Business Studies, Psychology Sociology Business Studies Mathematics, Latest Posts Resources Workbooks Past Papers. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. Copy. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. Spains forces in the Netherlands mutinied (as they hadnt been paid by the now bankrupt Spanish government). The reasons for, and significance of, Mary Queen of Scots execution in 1587. Parma and his men, however, were being blockaded by Dutch ships and werent able to reach the coast in time. France, Spain and Scotland were all Catholic countries in 1558. Elizabeth I | Hampton Court Palace | Historic Royal Palaces The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. Elizabeth's Legitimacy | History | tutor2u These privateers also raided Spanish ships and attacked the treasure fleets that carried gold and silver from the Americas to Spain. In Europe, the 1570s saw some of the worst atrocities of the protracted fall-out of the Reformation. This peace treaty between England and France ended the war inherited by Elizabeth from her half-sister Mary I, who went to war alongside her Spanish husband Philip II in 1557. Who was Queen Elizabeth enemies? - idswater.com Use your outline Between the period between 1577 and 1580, Drake sailed around the world and carried out a number of raids on Spanish settlements and ships. GCSE: Early Elizabethan England (1558-88) - Tutor2u The Armada sailed up the Channel in a defensive crescent formation which used the large armed galleons to protect the weaker supply ships and infantry ships. VAT reg no 816865400. [The importance of dates and chronology help demonstrate the long- term impact of Marys presence, which helps support the initial judgement.]. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the problem posed to Elizabeth I upon her accession arising from the question of legitimacy.

Allyiahsface Lipstick Alley, Articles W